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Cattell, D W, Bowen, P A and Kaka, A P (2011) Proposed Framework for Applying Cumulative Prospect Theory to an Unbalanced Bidding Model. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1052–9.

Cheung, S O and Chow, P T (2011) Withdrawal in Construction Project Dispute Negotiation. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1071–9.

Edwards, D J and Holt, G D (2011) Mini-Excavator Safety: Toward Innovative Stability Testing, Procurement, and Manufacture. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1125–33.

Eybpoosh, M, Dikmen, I and Talat Birgonul, M (2011) Identification of Risk Paths in International Construction Projects Using Structural Equation Modeling. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1164–75.

Fonte, G C A (2011) Energy Management Reduces Great Pyramid Build Effort by More Than 98%. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1195–204.

  • Type: Journal Article
  • Keywords: Energy; Egypt; Historic buildings; Construction; Energy management; Great pyramid; Quarter-circle; Catenary; Lifting machine; Lift lever; Spear chisel;
  • ISBN/ISSN: 0733-9364
  • URL: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000373
  • Abstract:
    The general consensus of most archaeologists is that approximately 25,000 workers labored for 23 years to build the Great Pyramid in Egypt at Giza. However, by examining the “mysterious tools” and other clues left behind , it is found that the Egyptians were masters of energy management and that the 25,000-worker build time could be reduced to only 138.6 days (using very conservative calculations). More realistically, and matching evidence found at the pyramid site, approximately 4,000 workers were probably used, and they took 4–6 calendar years at a fairly leisurely pace. This is on the basis of archaeological evidence, standard engineering principles, and ingenuity. Management of energy of assembly is a critical issue in the efficient construction of large structures. The principles used in ancient times are still applicable today. It is assumed that the Egyptians were smart people and that they were capable of employing the technology that they are known to have possessed in a creative and resourceful manner.

Golparvar-Fard, M, Peña-Mora, F and Savarese, S (2011) . Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1099–116.

Gouett, M C, Haas, C T, Goodrum, P M and Caldas, C H (2011) Activity Analysis for Direct-Work Rate Improvement in Construction. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1117–24.

Hartmann, T (2011) Goal and Process Alignment during the Implementation of Decision Support Systems by Project Teams. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1134–41.

Heon Jun, D and El-Rayes, K (2011) Multiobjective Optimization of Resource Leveling and Allocation during Construction Scheduling. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1080–8.

Kale, S and Karaman, E A (2011) Evaluating the Knowledge Management Practices of Construction Firms by Using Importance–Comparative Performance Analysis Maps. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1142–52.

Kirgiz, M S (2011) Chemical Properties of Blended Cement Pastes. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1036–42.

Li, J and Zou, P X W (2011) Fuzzy AHP-Based Risk Assessment Methodology for PPP Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1205–9.

Li, N and Becerik-Gerber, B (2011) Life-Cycle Approach for Implementing RFID Technology in Construction: Learning from Academic and Industry Use Cases. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1089–98.

Li, Y Y, Chen, P, Chew, D A S, Teo, C C and Ding, R G (2011) Critical Project Management Factors of AEC Firms for Delivering Green Building Projects in Singapore. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1153–63.

Love, P E D, Edwards, D J, Irani, Z and Goh, Y M (2011) Dynamics of Rework in Complex Offshore Hydrocarbon Projects. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1060–70.

Nahmens, I and Bindroo, V (2011) Is Customization Fruitful in Industrialized Homebuilding Industry?. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1027–35.

Swarup, L, Korkmaz, S and Riley, D (2011) Project Delivery Metrics for Sustainable, High-Performance Buildings. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1043–51.

Xia, B, Chan, A P C and Yeung, J F Y (2011) Developing a Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision-Making Model for Selecting Design-Build Operational Variations. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1176–84.

Zhou, H and Zhang, H (2011) Risk Assessment Methodology for a Deep Foundation Pit Construction Project in Shanghai, China. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 137(12), 1185–94.